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Whole-genome association study of bipolar disorder

Abstract

We performed a genome-wide association scan in 1461 patients with bipolar (BP) 1 disorder, 2008 controls drawn from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder and the University College London sample collections with successful genotyping for 372 193 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our strongest single SNP results are found in myosin5B (MYO5B; P=1.66 × 10−7) and tetraspanin-8 (TSPAN8; P=6.11 × 10−7). Haplotype analysis further supported single SNP results highlighting MYO5B, TSPAN8 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (MYO5B; P=2.04 × 10−8, TSPAN8; P=7.57 × 10−7 and EGFR; P=8.36 × 10−8). For replication, we genotyped 304 SNPs in family-based NIMH samples (n=409 trios) and University of Edinburgh case–control samples (n=365 cases, 351 controls) that did not provide independent replication after correction for multiple testing. A comparison of our strongest associations with the genome-wide scan of 1868 patients with BP disorder and 2938 controls who completed the scan as part of the Wellcome Trust Case–Control Consortium indicates concordant signals for SNPs within the voltage-dependent calcium channel, L-type, alpha 1C subunit (CACNA1C) gene. Given the heritability of BP disorder, the lack of agreement between studies emphasizes that susceptibility alleles are likely to be modest in effect size and require even larger samples for detection.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the patients and families who have contributed their time and DNA to this study. This study was supported by grants from the NIMH (MH062137, PS; MH067288, PS; MH063445, JWS; MH63420, VLN), Charles A King Trust Fellowship (JF); NARSAD Young Investigator Awards (RHP, SP, JF); NARSAD Independent Investigator Award (PS); Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development (EMS); Johnson & Johnson Foundation (PS); the Sydney Herman Foundation (EMS); the Stanley Foundation for Medical Research (EMS) and the Dauten Family (EMS, PS). The UCL clinical and control samples were collected with support from the MDF Bipolar Organization (formerly the UK Manic Depression Fellowship), the Neuroscience Research Charitable Trust, the central London NHS Blood Transfusion Service and by a research lectureship from the Priory Hospitals. Processing and genetic analysis of the UCL cohort has been supported by UK Medical Research Council project Grants G9623693N and G0500791. The collection of the Edinburgh cohort was supported by grants from The Wellcome Trust, London, The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Executive and the Translational Medicine Research Institute, Glasgow. The STEP-BD project was funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health, under contract N01MH80001 to Gary S Sachs, MD (PI), Michael E Thase MD (Co-PI), Mark S Bauer, MD (Co-PI). Active STEP-BD Sites and Principal Investigators included Baylor College of Medicine (Lauren B Marangell, MD); Case University (Joseph R Calabrese, MD); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Andrew A Nierenberg, MD); Portland VA Medical Center (Peter Hauser, MD); Stanford University School of Medicine (Terence A Ketter, MD); University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (Marshall Thomas, MD); University of Massachusetts Medical Center (Jayendra Patel, MD); University of Oklahoma College of Medicine (Mark D Fossey, MD); University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (Laszlo Gyulai, MD); University of Pittsburgh Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (Michael E Thase, MD); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (Charles L Bowden, MD). Collection of DNA from consenting participants in STEP-BD was supported by N01-MH-80001 (G Sachs, PI). We thank the following individuals for their assistance with this effort: Francine Molay, Beth Rosen-Sheidley, and Laurie Silfies. Control subjects from the National Institute of Mental Health Schizophrenia Genetics Initiative (NIMH-GI), data and biomaterials were collected by the ‘Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia II’ (MGS-2) collaboration. The investigators and coinvestigators are: ENH/Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA (MH059571), Pablo V Gejman, MD (Collaboration Coordinator; PI), Alan R Sanders, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA (MH59587), Farooq Amin, MD (PI); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA, USA (MH067257), Nancy Buccola APRN, BC, MSN (PI); University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (MH60870), William Byerley, MD (PI); Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA (U01, MH060879), C Robert Cloninger, MD (PI); University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA (MH59566), Raymond Crowe, MD (PI), Donald Black, MD; University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA (MH059565), Robert Freedman, MD (PI); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (MH061675), Douglas Levinson MD (PI); University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, (MH059588), Bryan Mowry, MD (PI); Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA (MH59586), Jeremy Silverman, PhD (PI). NIMH Family samples were collected as part of ten projects that participated in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Bipolar Disorder Genetics Initiative. From 1999 to 2003, the Principal Investigators and Co-Investigators were: Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA (R01 MH59545), John Nurnberger, MD, PhD, Marvin J Miller, MD, Elizabeth S Bowman, MD, N Leela Rau, MD, P Ryan Moe, MD, Nalini Samavedy, MD, Rif El-Mallakh, MD (at University of Louisville), Husseini Manji, MD (at Wayne State University), Debra A Glitz, MD (at Wayne State University), Eric T Meyer, MS, Carrie Smiley, RN, Tatiana Foroud, PhD, Leah Flury, MS, Danielle M Dick, PhD, Howard Edenberg, PhD; Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA (R01 MH059534), John Rice, PhD, Theodore Reich, MD, Allison Goate, PhD, Laura Bierut, MD; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA (R01 MH59533), Melvin McInnis MD, J Raymond DePaulo, Jr, MD, Dean F MacKinnon, MD, Francis M Mondimore, MD, James B Potash, MD, Peter P Zandi, PhD, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, and Jennifer Payne; University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA (R01 MH59553), Wade Berrettini MD, PhD; University of California at Irvine, CA, USA (R01 MH60068), William Byerley MD and Mark Vawter MD; University of Iowa, IA, USA (R01 MH059548), William Coryell MD and Raymond Crowe MD; University of Chicago, IL, USA (R01 MH59535), Elliot Gershon, MD, Judith Badner PhD, Francis McMahon MD, Chunyu Liu PhD, Alan Sanders MD, Maria Caserta, Steven Dinwiddie MD, Tu Nguyen, Donna Harakal; University of California at San Diego, CA, USA (R01 MH59567), John Kelsoe, MD, Rebecca McKinney, BA; Rush University, IL, USA (R01 MH059556),William Scheftner MD, Howard M Kravitz, DO, MPH, Diana Marta, BS, Annette Vaughn-Brown, MSN, RN and Laurie Bederow, MA; NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA (1Z01MH002810-01), Francis J McMahon, MD, Layla Kassem, PsyD, Sevilla Detera-Wadleigh, PhD, Lisa Austin, PhD, Dennis L Murphy, MD.

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Correspondence to P Sklar.

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Authors and their contributions appear at the end of the paper.

Data release policy: Genotypes for the NIMH control samples have been submitted to the NIMH Genetics Repository and are available under the usual data release policies. Genotypes for the STEP-BD case samples will be submitted to the NIMH repository and will be available for release using the same mechanism.

Author contribution statement

Writing group: Sklar P, Fan J, Gurling HM, Smoller JW, Ogdie MN, Nimgaonkar VL, Daly MJ and Purcell SM.

Project management: Sklar P, Smoller JW, Nimgaonkar VL, Scolnick EM and Gurling HM.

Clinical characterization and phenotypes: Smoller JW, Nimgaonkar VL, Perlis RH, Thase ME, Sachs GS, Faraone SV, Muir WJ, McGhee KA, MacIntyre DM, McLean A, VanBeck M, Blackwood DH, McQuillin A, Bass NJ, Robinson M, Lawrence J, Anjorin A, Curtis D and Gurling HM.

DNA sample QC and replication genotyping: Fan J, Chambert K, Franklin J and Ardlie KG.

Whole-genome genotyping: Gabriel SB, Chambert K, Gates C, Blumensteil B, Defelice M and Sougnez C.

Analytic group: Purcell SM, Ferreira MAR, Fan J, Smoller JW, Perlis RH, McQueen MB, Todd-Brown K, de Bakker PIW, Daly MJ and Sklar P.

Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Molecular Psychiatry website (http://www.nature.com/mp)

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Sklar, P., Smoller, J., Fan, J. et al. Whole-genome association study of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 13, 558–569 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002151

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