Comments and ControversiesDo we need to revise the tripartite subdivision hypothesis of the human subthalamic nucleus (STN)?
Section snippets
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Max C Keuken for valuable discussions. This research line is financially supported by the European Research Council (313481) (BUF), and the Dutch Brain Foundation (AA and BUF).
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Cited by (34)
Imaging of the human subthalamic nucleus
2021, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :Further integration of the research approaches is expected to contribute to the resolving of potential discrepancies, and integration can aid in the cross validation of the individual imaging techniques. Furthermore the integration of research fields can provide a crucial contribution to resolve ongoing discussions on the structure and function of the human STN, which can be attributed, at least to some extent to the difficulties associated with the translation of results across research fields (Lambert et al., 2012; Alkemade and Forstmann, 2014). Such comparisons across modalities are gaining interest within the scientific community and often used for qualitative comparison in smaller tissue blocks, in some cases in combination with histological approaches (e.g., Bürgel et al., 1999; Castellanos et al., 2008; Makris et al., 2013; Adler et al., 2014; Annese et al., 2014; Augustinack et al., 2014; Plantinga et al., 2016).
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation identifies frontal networks supporting initiation, inhibition and strategy use in Parkinson's disease
2020, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :First, the structural network measures may allow a more fine-grained measurement of the association between brain and behaviour than the STN subregion data. This is because the STN has an overlapping topography with boundaries that are defined heuristically rather than according to tight criteria (Alkemade and Forstmann, 2014). In order words, the ‘motor’ subregion will undoubtedly contain some connections to ‘associative’ cortical regions and vice versa.
Altered functional connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus during self-initiated movement in Parkinson's disease
2018, Journal of NeuroradiologyCitation Excerpt :We chose the bilateral STN as the ROIs for our functional connectivity analysis. Although controversial [27,28], extensive evidence suggests that the STN contains sensorimotor, associative, and limbic subregions [29–33]. Given the focus of the present study on the motor-related network, we selected the sensorimotor subregions of the bilateral STN as ROIs.
Individualized parcellation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease with 7T MRI
2018, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :In this context, behavioral side-effects have often been linked to undesired stimulation of the non-motor territories of the STN (Mallet et al., 2007; Okun et al., 2009). Although the debate is still ongoing (Alkemade and Forstmann, 2014; Keuken et al., 2012; Lambert et al., 2015), classical neuroanatomical studies in animal models, place the motor territory in the posterolateral portion of the STN and the associative and limbic regions more anteromedially (Parent and Hazrati, 1995; Temel et al., 2005). Using a 3T clinical MR scanner, this anatomical concept was demonstrated in healthy subjects (Lambert et al., 2012).
The site of stimulation moderates neuropsychiatric symptoms after subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease
2018, NeuroImage: ClinicalCitation Excerpt :The anatomy of the STN confers vulnerability to stimulation-dependent neuropsychiatric changes. A tripartite functional organization of the STN into limbic, associative and motor subregions is suggested by primate and human studies (Haynes and Haber, 2013; Lambert et al., 2012), although with considerable topological overlap and without lobar boundaries (Alkemade and Forstmann, 2014; Lambert et al., 2015). Yet, the small size of the STN means that current diffusion from a stimulating contact in the dorsolateral sensorimotor region could modulate subthalamic regions with greater connectivity to fronto-striatal networks implicated in mood, decision-making and reward.