Archival ReportCocaine Cues Drive Opposing Context-Dependent Shifts in Reward Processing and Emotional State
Section snippets
Subjects
Twenty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats (300–350 g) were individually housed with ad libitum food and water with a 12/12 hour light/dark cycle. All experiments were conducted in the light phase and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Experimenter-Delivered Cocaine
Naive rats were implanted with intraoral catheters as described previously (13). After recovery, rats were given daily drug conditioning sessions (Figure 1A). In each session, mildly
Results
Before investigating cocaine-conditioned effects on dopamine release, we examined the effect of intraoral infusions of palatable and unpalatable taste stimuli on dopamine release in the shell and core subregions of the NAc, because these regions have different roles in the regulation of reward-related behavior (30, 31, 32). Measurements were made using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, an electrochemical technique with the temporal resolution necessary for distinguishing rapid changes in dopamine
Discussion
Here, we demonstrate that taste stimuli signaling delayed cocaine availability can induce a negative affective state that alters hedonic sensitivity, brain reward processing, and motivated behavior. We observed the emergence of negative affect and reduced dopamine release using taste cues that signaled delayed cocaine availability when presented before cocaine self-administration. Later, in the same session, dopamine release was enhanced to cues that signaled imminent cocaine delivery during
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2020, NeuropharmacologyCitation Excerpt :The headpiece was harnessed to a rotating commutator (Crist Instrument Co., Hagerstown, Maryland), and one intraoral cannula was harnessed to a fluid swivel (Instech Laboratory, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania) that could receive fluid from a syringe pump (Razel, St. Albans, Vermont). On the following day, voltammetric recordings were conducted as previously described (Wheeler et al., 2011). Briefly, a carbon fiber electrode was lowered into the NAc shell, a fluid line was attached to the intraoral cannula, and the behavioral session was initiated.