A relation between longevity, metabolic rate, and activity in shaker mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

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Abstract

Of five neurologically mutant strains, Hk1P and Sh5 stocks lived half as long as normal flies; Eag, Hk2T and the double mutant Hk1P Sh5 were intermediate.

The average lifespan was found to be inversely proportional to the average metabolic rate, as predicted by Rubner's Hypothesis. Rubner's Constant was approximately 6 ml of oxygen consumed per milligram (or fly) per lifetime.

The increase in metabolic rate over that of normal flies was found to be directly proportional to the increase in activity, measured by the rate of buzzing events (flights).

The results are consistent with the idea that the abnormal innate nervous activity of shakers forces an increase in muscular activity, both through direct action and an increased reactivity to the environment; that this increased physical activity induces an increased metabolic rate; and that the total metabolic rate, basal and induced, is a major variable determining the lifespan.

Résumé

Cinq lignées de mutants neurologiques étant étudiées, la vie des colonies Hk1P et Sh5 a été trouvée de moitié moins longue que celle de mouches normales; la durée de la vie des populations Eag, Hk2T et du double mutant Hk1P Sh5 s'est située entre les deux.

Il a été constaté que la longévité moyenne était inversement proportionnelle au niveau métabolique moyen, conformément à l'hypothèse de Rubner. La constante de Rubner était d'environ 6 ml d'oxygène consommé par milligramme (ou mouche) pendant une vie entière.

L'augmentation du niveau métabolique par rapport à celui des mouches normales a été trouvée directement proportionnelle à l'augmentation d'activité, mesurée selon le degré de manifestations de bourdonnement (vols).

Les résultats concordent avec l'idée qu'une activité nerveuse anormale et congénitale des trembleurs impose une augmentation d'activité musculaire, à la fois par une action directe et par une plus grande réactivité à l'environnement, que cette activité physique accrue conditionne une hausse du niveau métabolique et que le niveau métabolique total, basal et conditionné, est une variable majeure déterminant la longévité.

Zusammenfassung

Von fünf neurologischen Mutanten lebten Hk1P und Sh5 halb sollang wie normale Fliegen. Eag, Hk2T und die Doppelmutante Hk1P Sh5 zeigten intermediäres Verhalten.

Die durchschnittliche Lebensdauer war umgekehrt proportional zur durchschnittlichen Stoffwechselrate, wie von Rubners Hypothese vorausgesagt wird. Die Rubnerkonstante war etwa 6 Milliliter Sauerstoffverbrauch pro Milligramm (oder Fliege) pro Lebensdauer.

Der Anstieg des Umsatzes über die Norm war direkt proportional zum Anstieg der Aktivität, welche durch die Summhäufigkeit (Fliegen) gemessen wurde.

Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit dem Gedanken überein, daβ die abnormale angeborene Zitteraktivität einen Ansteig der Muskelaktivität erfordert, durch direkte Wirkung und durch erhöhte Reaktivität auf die Umgebung. Diese erhöhte Aktivität hat einen erhöhten Stoffwechselumsatz zur Folge. Die Gesamtstoffwechselrate (basal und induziert) ist dann die wesentliche Gröβe, welche die Lebensdauer bestimmt.

Реферат

Из пяти нeвpoлoгичecкич мyтaнтныч, Hк1P и Sh5 имeли вдвoe мeньшyю пpoдoлжитeльнocть жизни, чeм нopмaльныe мyчи, тoгдa кaк Eag, Hк2T и двoйнoй мyтaнт Hк1P Sh5 зaнимaли пpoмeжyтoчнoe пoлoжeниe.

Oкaзaлocь, чтo cpeдняя длитeльнocть жизни oбpaтнo пpoпopциoнaльнa cpeднeй cкopocти мeтaбoлизмa, кaк этo пpeдcкcкaзывaeтcя пo гипoтeзe Pyбнepa. Pyбнepoвcкaя кoнcтaнтa paвняeтcя пpиблизитeльнo 6 миллилитpaм киcлopoдa, пoгoщaeмoгo нa миллигpaм (мyчи) в тeчeниe жизни.

Ывeличeниe cкopocти oбмeнa вeщecтв пo cpaвнeнию c нopмaльными мyчaми oкaэaлocЧw пpяo пpoпopциoнaльньлм ycилeнию aктивнocти, иэмepяeмoмy чacтoтoй жyжжaний (пoлeтoв).

Peзyльтaты coглacyютcя c мeнeниeм, чтo нeнopмaльнaя вpoждeннaя нepвнaя aктивнocть жyжжaльцeв вызывaeт ycилeниe мыщeчнoь дeятeльнocти, oбycлoвлeннoй кaк пpямым дeйcтвиeм, тaк и ycилeниeм peaктивнocти к cpeдe; чтo этo пoвыщeниe физичecкoй дeятeлвьнocти вызывaeт yвeличeниe cкopocти мeтaбoлизмa; и чтo oбщqя cкopocть мeтaбoлизмa-ocнoвнoгo и индyциpoвaннoгo-пpeдcтaвдляeт coбoй глaвнyю пepeмeннyю вeличинy, oпpeдeляющyю длитeльнocть жизни.

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