Research paperPerforated-patch recording with gramicidin avoids artifactual changes in intracellular chloride concentration
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2023, Journal of Pharmaceutical AnalysisAnalysis of neuronal Ca<sup>2+</sup> handling properties by combining perforated patch clamp recordings and the added buffer approach
2021, Cell CalciumCitation Excerpt :The original and most commonly used perforating agents have been the antibiotic polyenes nystatin and amphotericin B, and the antibiotic polypeptide gramicidin [2,18,19,24–27]. While polyenes and the peptide exhibit differences in their pore-forming mechanisms and ion selectivities [28–31], their pores share key common properties: they are permeable to small molecules with a molecular weight up to ∼200 Da, including monovalent ions [27,32,33], but they are neither permeable to divalent ions like Ca2+ nor to Ca2+ indicators like fura-2 (whose molecular weight is >600 Da). While the combination of perforated patch clamp recordings and the added buffer approach would be ideal, it cannot be implemented with the previous standard small pore-forming perforating agents.
The expanding toolbox to study the LRRC8-formed volume-regulated anion channel VRAC
2021, Current Topics in Membranes
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Present address: Department of Anatomy, Box 0452A, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.