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2020, Advances in NeurotoxicologyCitation Excerpt :Recently, Figueiredo et al. (2018) summarized the findings of many previous studies, providing evidence that prolonged seizures from OP nerve agents cause the neuropathology (Shih and McDonough, 1997; Shih et al., 2003). Neurodegeneration occurs most frequently in the amygdala, followed by the pyriform cortex, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, thalamus, and caudate/putamen (Aroniadou-Anderjaska et al., 2009; Baze, 1993; Carpentier et al., 1991; Shih et al., 2003). The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is formed and maintained through a dynamic interaction between cerebral and endothelial cells constituting the anatomical basis of the BBB and other neighboring cells, such as astroglia, pericytes, perivascular microglia, and neurons.
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2017, Neurotoxicology and TeratologyCitation Excerpt :Marked histological damage to the rat brain was found following sarin-induced seizure activity (Chapman et al., 2006). A significant decrease in dendritic spines in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons has also been observed in rats that were intoxicated with non-convulsive doses of paraoxon (Santos et al., 2004) and convulsive dose of soman (Carpentier et al., 1991). There might be several different mechanisms for OP-induced brain damage.
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