α-Adrenergic receptor agonists, but not antagonists, alter the tail-flick latency when microinjected into the rostral ventromedial medulla of the lightly anesthetized rat
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The role of α<inf>2</inf> adrenoceptor in mediating noradrenaline action in the ventrolateral orbital cortex on allodynia following spared nerve injury
2013, Experimental NeurologyCitation Excerpt :These results suggest that the VLO noradrenergic system plays a role in anti-allodynia of the neuropathic pain state, which is mediated by α2 adrenoceptors. Previous studies indicated that activation of α2 adrenoceptor subtype produces antinociception in the spinal cord, the rostral ventromedial medulla, the locus coeruleus, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the nucleus raphe magnus, the PAG, the amygdala, and the caudate putamen (Alojado et al., 1994; Danzebrink and Gebhart, 1990; Fleetwood-Walker et al., 1985; Guo et al., 1996; Hammond et al., 1980; Haws et al., 1990; Ortiz et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2010). Results in the present study provide novel evidence that the α2 adrenoceptor is involved in descending antinociception at the cerebral cortex level (VLO).
The Brainstem and Nociceptive Modulation
2008, The Senses: A Comprehensive ReferenceNoradrenergic agonist administration into the central nucleus of the amygdala increases the tail-flick latency in lightly anesthetized rats
2007, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Noradrenaline is a key neurotransmitter in the modulation of nociception throughout the neuraxis (Pertovaara, 2006). Noradrenergic agonists induce antinociception when locally administered within CNS pain modulatory structures, including the LC, periaqueductal gray, nucleus raphe magnus, and dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Hammond et al., 1980; Fleetwood-Walker et al., 1985; Haws et al., 1990; Guo et al., 1996). α2-Receptors mediate the antinociceptive effects of noradrenaline within these structures via coupling to an inhibitory G-protein (Gi) or direct modification of ion channels.
Noradrenergic pain modulation
2006, Progress in Neurobiology
A preliminary report of these findings was presented at the 1988 Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience.