Short communicationA new combination of WGA-HRP anterograde tracing and GABA immunocytochemistry applied to afferents of the cat inferior olive at the ultrastructural level☆
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The Rules of Cerebellar Learning: Around the Ito Hypothesis
2021, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Our conclusions are in line with the early theories of Marr (1969), Albus (1971), and Ito (1972), with the existence of climbing-fiber induced long-term depression in vitro (e.g. Ito and Kano, 1982), and with in vivo data during motor behaviors, starting as early as Gilbert and Thach (1977) and Dufosse et al. (1978). The recurrent projection from Purkinje cells to inhibitory neurons in the cerebellar nucleus to the inferior olive has been known for years (de Zeeuw et al., 1988; Fredette and Mugnaini, 1991). The signs of the synaptic connections imply that depressed simple-spike firing of Purkinje cells should lead to increased inhibition on neurons in the inferior olive, with potential impacts on the electrical excitability of inferior olive neurons and/or the electrical connections among them.
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2016, NeuronCitation Excerpt :So, if the inhibitory nucleocortical afferents prevent saturation in the excitatory nucleocortical pathway, they can strictly do so within the internal feedback loop, and not by intervening directly with the corollary discharge at the output level. Another possible pathway that may provide homeostatic control and thus prevent saturation is formed by the GABAergic fibers that mediate the inhibitory input from the cerebellar nuclei to the inferior olive (Best and Regehr, 2009; Chen et al., 2010; de Zeeuw et al., 1988). When the simple spike activity of the PCs decreases following activation of the excitatory internal feedback loop as described above, the activity of these GABAergic neurons will increase and thus exert a stronger inhibition onto the olivary neurons, which in turn will reduce the CF signals and complex spikes in the PCs within the same olivocerebellar module (De Zeeuw et al., 2011).
Classical Conditioning of Timed Motor Responses: Neural Coding in Cerebellar Cortex and Cerebellar Nuclei.
2016, The Neuronal Codes of the CerebellumEvolving Models of Pavlovian Conditioning: Cerebellar Cortical Dynamics in Awake Behaving Mice
2015, Cell ReportsCitation Excerpt :An interesting possibility is that loops within the olivocerebellar network could play a role. The origin of the CS-complex spike could lie in the mossy fiber collaterals to the cerebellar nuclei that are newly formed over the course of conditioning (Boele et al., 2013), which could establish a straightforward bridge to cross for CS-encoding signals to directly hook up to the nucleo-olivary pathway (De Zeeuw et al., 1988). The resulting CS-activated olivary inhibition could then bear rebound spikes (Bazzigaluppi et al., 2012; De Gruijl et al., 2012) that return to the cerebellum to affect cortical activity in a number of ways.
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This study was in part supported by a travel grant (R 92-105) rom the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.).
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The authors would like to thank Mrs. R.M.Y. Hartsteen for cutting nice ultrathin sections, Mr. R.C. Boer, Mr. F.H. Klink, Mr. J.v.d. Burg and Mr. H.G. Jansen for their technical assistance, Mr. E. Dalm for his assistance in surgery, Mrs. E. Klink for typing the manuscript, Mrs. P. van Alphen for her photographic assistance and Dr. N.M. Gerrits for reading the manuscript.