The periaqueductal gray projections to the rat spinal trigeminal, raphe magnus, gigantocellular pars alpha and paragigantocellular nuclei arise from separate neurons
References (45)
- et al.
Analgesia nduced by microinjection of morphine into and electrical stimulation of nucleus reticularis paragigantocellulais of the rat medulla oblongata
Neuropharmacology
(1978) - et al.
Small injections of fluorescent tracers by iontophoresis or chronic implantation of micropipettes
Brain Research
(1982) - et al.
The contribution of nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis and nucleus raphe magnus to the analgesia produced by systemically adminsstered morphine, investigated with the microinjection technique
Pain
(1982) The nuclei of origin of brainstemserotonergic projections to the rodent spinal trigeminal nucleus
Neurosci. Lett.
(1982)- et al.
Brain functional activity during PAG stimulation-produced analgesia: a 2-DG study
Brain Res. Bull.
(1981) - et al.
The location of brainstem neurons which project bilaterally to the spinal trigeminal nuclei as demonstrated by the double fluorescent retrograde tracer technique
Brain Research
(1983) - et al.
Enhancing GABAergic transmission reverses the aversive state in rats induced by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey region
Brain Research
(1982) - et al.
Growth enhancement of prolactin-sensitive mammary tumor by periaqueductal gray stimulation
Life Sci.
(1983) - et al.
Afferents to brainstem nuclei (brainstem raphe, nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis and nucleus gigantocellularis) in the rat as demonstrated by microiontophoretically applied horseradish peroxidase
Brain Research
(1978) - et al.
Stimulation of the Mesencephalic central gray increases bloodprolactin in ovariectomized rats
Exp. Neurol.
(1981)
Role of the periaqueductal gray in vocal expression of emotion
Brain Research
Mesencephalic central gray lesions and fear motivated behavior in rats
Brain Research
Pain reduction by focal electrical stimulation of the brain: an Anatomical and behavioral analysis
Brain Research
Identification and somatotopic organization of nuclei projecting via the dorsolateral funiculus in rats: A retrograde tracing study using HRP slow-release gels
Brain Research
The midbrain central gray substance as a highly sensitive neural structure for the production of ultrasonic vocalization in the rat
Brain Research
Topographical organization in medullary reticulospinal systems as demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase technique
Brain Research
Naloxone-reversible analgesia produced by microstimulation in the rat medulla
Brain Research
Lumbar intrathecal naloxone blocks analgesia produced by microstimulation of the ventromedial medulla in the rat
Brain Research
Afferent connections of the rostral medulla of the cat: a neural substrate for midbrain-medullary interactions in the modulation of pain
J. comp. Neurol.
The nucleeus paragigantocellularis lateralis in rat. Conformation and cytology
Anat. Embryol.
The nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis in the rat. Demonstration of afferents by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase
Anat. Embryol.
Serotonin involvement in the inhibition of episodic luteinizing hormone release during electric stimulation of the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus in ovariectomized rats
Endocrinology
Cited by (92)
Reciprocal connectivity of the periaqueductal gray with the ponto-medullary respiratory network in rat
2021, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Given that the PAG is not an integral part of the respiratory pattern generating circuit (Farmer et al., 2014), the mediation of respiratory modulation via the PAG-NRA pathway may not bypass the ponto-medullary rhythm and pattern generating network. Indeed, various anterograde and retrograde tracing studies have reported that descending PAG projections also target broader pontine and medullary brainstem areas, including the pontine tegmentum (Holstege, 1991), the rostral ventrolateral medulla (Carrive et al., 1988, 1989; Yasui et al., 1990; Carrive and Bandler, 1991), and the caudal raphé nuclei (Beitz et al., 1983; van Bockstaele et al., 1991; Cowie and Holstege, 1992). However, many of these studies were performed in cat and were often focused on general PAG pathways linked to cardiorespiratory regulation during defense behavior.
Are periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe the foundation of appetitive and aversive control? A comprehensive review
2019, Progress in NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :The magnus raphe and the ventrolateral medulla are two of the main sites of descending efferent outputs of the PAG. And yet, the DLPAG sends no projections to these two areas when compared to the other divisions (Abols and Basbaum, 1981; Aghajanian and Wang, 1977; Beitz et al., 1983a; Bjorkeland and Boivie, 1984; Carrive, 1991; Henderson et al., 1998; Herbert and Saper, 1992a; Holstege, 1991a,b; Van Bockstaele et al., 1991). In fact, the only strong outputs of the DLPAG column is to itself and the other PAG divisions (Jansen et al., 1998) (see Fig. 17).
Involvement of non-NMDA glutamate receptors of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the cardiovascular response to the microinjection of noradrenaline into the dorsal periaqueductal gray area of rats
2015, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The periaqueductal gray area (PAG) is a mesencephalic region that is part of the central pathway involved in expression of the defensive response (Bandler et al., 2000; Behbehani, 1995; Carrive et al., 1987; Nashold et al., 1969) as well as of the central modulation of the cardiovascular system (Bandler et al., 2000; Krieger and Graeff, 1985; Lovick, 1985; Pizzirusso et al., 1998). There are reports on the existence of noradrenergic projections to the PAG as well as high concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) in the PAG in rats (Beitz et al., 1983; Fuxe, 1965; Herbert and Saper, 1992; Ungerstedt, 1971; Versteeg et al., 1976), which strongly suggest a possible role for dPAG noradrenergic neurons in the modulation of cardiovascular responses. This conjecture was confirmed by previous data from our laboratory showing that microinjection of NA into the dorsal PAG (dPAG) caused dose-related pressor and bradycardiac responses (Pelosi and Correa, 2005).
Neural mechanisms of female sexual behavior in the rat; Comparison with male ejaculatory control
2014, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorSex differences in connectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex
2014, PainCitation Excerpt :The PAG is engaged both by ascending projections from the spinal cord and by descending projections from the cortex. Structural and functional animal studies have repeatedly shown that the raphe nucleus is an important intermediary region between the spinal cord and PAG-mediating analgesia [1,8,12,13,15,16,21,22,42,55,58,78,80,82,86–88,92,93]. Accordingly, our findings suggest that women may be able to more strongly engage the descending pain modulation pathway, involving the PAG and raphe nucleus, than men.
Role of dorsolateral periaqueductal grey in the coordinated regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory function
2013, Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and ClinicalCitation Excerpt :As summarised in Table 2, there are strong projections to the midline medulla, rostral ventrolateral medulla (which contains sympathetic premotor neurons (Dampney et al., 2003; Guyenet, 2006)), and to the ventral respiratory group from the dmPAG, lPAG and vlPAG (Beitz et al., 1983; Van Bockstaele et al., 1991; Cowie and Holstege, 1992; Gaytan and Pasaro, 1998). In contrast, the dlPAG does not project to any of these regions (Beitz et al., 1983; Van Bockstaele et al., 1991; Cowie and Holstege, 1992; Gaytan and Pasaro, 1998) (Table 2, Fig. 1C). Neurons in the dlPAG do project, however, to the cuneiform nucleus (Redgrave et al., 1988; Bernard et al., 1989).
This work was supported by Research Grants BSN 8214873 from the National Science Foundation and DE06682 from the National Institute of Dental Research.
- *
The authors wish to thank Dr. George Leichnetz for providing us with a detailed protocol of the fluorescence technique used in this study and Drs. Alice Larson and Martin Wessendorf for their helpful comments during the preparation of this manuscript.